Flood control of the Mississippi

The velocity of a river is greatest during the spring then any other season, due to the heavy rainfall during spring and the melting of snow from winter. The water from these two drain into the tributaries. This causes the water in main stream or river to increase and frequently overflow its banks and levees, creating a floodplain. Since the disastrous flood of 1927, the U.S. Congress has authorized constructions of dams on the upper parts of the Mississippi River and its tributaries to stop it from flooding again and to regulate its flow. A system of Comprised levees, flood walls, and various control structures. These systems are placed 1,607 miles along the Mississippi River and some lie along the south banks of the Arkansas and Red rivers and in the Atchafalaya Basin. Regular inspections of maintenance are made by people from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and from local levee and drainage districts. It's essential to do these inspections because the levees have to be maintained in good condition for their proper functions in the flood control plan. Then, the water is diverted into different channels or water, such as the Cairo–New Madrid, Atchafalaya, and Morganza floodways and the Bonnet Carre Spillway at New Orleans, which then diverts the water into Lake Pontchartrain. The cutoffs in the Mississippi River have eliminated the dangerous wading of channels, and it improved main channel of the Mississippi has increased its flooding capacity.

The Mississippi flood control has been successful, due to the fact that there has been no floods have destroy the system. Ever since the major flood in 1927, people that live along or near the Mississippi river have all came up with a plan of what to do if a flood does happen and how to stop a flood from happening. Since the regular inspections of all parts in the Mississippi to see if they are in good condition and all broke parts are immediately replaced. With this all parts in the system are always working as they are suppose to and have a less chance of breaking.

Percent Change

Amount of Water for Sand Mass Movement

Trial 1
(300 - 100)/100 x 100 = 200%
300 - 100 = 200 200/100 = 2 2 x 100 = 200%
Trial 2
(150 - 100)/100 x 100 = 50%
150 - 100 = 50 50/100 = .5 .5 x 100 = 50%
Average
(200 + 50)/2 = 125% 250/2 = 125%

Amount of Water for Soil Mass Movement

Trial 5
(320 - 100)/100 = 220%
320 -100 = 220 220/100 = 2.2 2.2 x 100 =220%
Trial 6
(400 - 100)/100 x 100 = 300%
400 - 100= 300 300/100 = 3 3 x 100 = 300%

220 + 300 = 520 520/2 = 260%


The sand is more prone to slide than the soil.

1. What conditions might cause mud to flow?

Conditions need to cause mud to flow is large amounts of water and soil mixing together and making large amount of mud. The mud then starts to flow down hill due to gravity pulling it downward. Earthquake and other natural disaster can also cause mud to flow

2. What conclusion can you draw from the two images?

The higher the slope less mud is needed for gravity to make it flow down a hill or cliff. More mud is needed for gravity to make mud flow when the slope of a hill or cliff is low.

3. List at least two ways you could make the mud slide off the 30° slide plane without changing the plane's angle.

One way you could make the mud slide off the 30° slide plate without changing the plane's angle is to add more mud on to the slide plate to increase the weight of the mud, so gravity can pull the mud off the slide plate faster. Another way to make the mud flow off the 30° slide plane by adding more water to increase the weight of the mud, so gravity can make the mud flow, flow downhill easier.

4. What conditions in nature would be represented by the answers you gave for question 3?

A large rain storm, earthquakes or other ypes of natural disasters

5. List at least two factors that contribute to the formation of mudflows on volcanoes.

One factor that contribute to the formation of a mudflow on volcanoes is that, if the volcano has glacier ice and snow. Then when the glacier and snow melts the water from the glacier and snow would cause large amounts of water to travel down the side of the volcano. The water and soil mix together and then a mud flow can happen if there if enough mud or if the slope if high enough for gravity to pull it down the side of the volcano and then a mud flow is formed. The second way for a mud flow to form on a volcano is for the soil on the volcano side and the magma inside the volcano to mix together when the volcano release the magma. When lava and soil mix together it forms a lahar which is another type of mud flow

6. How might forest fires affect an area's potential for experiencing mudflows?

A forest fire would burn all the trees and plate with in the area to ash. Leaving a large open area of soil and ash. Increasing the changes for a mud flow from a rain storm because there would be no plate life to absorb the rain water. Making the area of the forest fire have a lot of rain water and turning the soil there into mud and the gravity would pull the mud downhill causing a mudflow.

7. Hypothesize about how mudflows could change the topography of an area after a fire.

The mudflow would change the topography of an area after a fire by making the area where the fire happen more smooth and steep because of the wave of mud flowing downhill.

8. What human activities strip soil of its protective vegetation and increase its vulnerability to mudflows?

Humans flatten the land to build house and building and strip the slopes of there vegetation which prevent mudflows. By getting rid of them there would be an increase in the chances of a mudflow.

9. Write a paragraph describing the conditions that cause dangerous mudflows.

Condition that may cause dangerous mudflows are place where there are high mountains with steep sides. Mountains that have large amounts of ice and snow near the top of the mountain, mountains like the Rocky mountains and the Himalayan mountains because if the ice and snow melted there would be a lot of water flowing down the mountain. Other places that are likely to have mud flows are place where there are active volcanoes because the lava from the volcano and soil from the Earth crust could mix and make a mud flow called a lahar. Countries that are within or near the Ring of Fire because of the higher changes of earthquakes and volcano erupting at the Ring of Fire, which then would cause mudflow and lahar to happen.Places that are most likely to have mudflows are California, Oregon, Washington, Japan, India, and other countries that have high mountains and volcanoes.

Mass Movement

Landslides are Slide

Slides are sheet of materials that slips over a failure plane can end anywhere from a meter to a kilometer down slope. A landslide is soil and weather rocks going down a slope of a hill, mountain at low or high speeds. Slides can produce concave scars and trees are broken and bent and the slide can bury the soil down slope.

1. What are the first 3 types of plate boundaries listed?

Divergent boundaries

Convergent boundaries

Transform boundaries

2. What does the word divergent mean in regard to plate movement? What forces the plates to move apart at divergent boundaries?

Divergent means that plates are moving apart and what force the plate to move apart because 
magma pushing up from the mantle, which then moves the plate.

3. Give an example of a specific mid-ocean ridge where seafloor spreading and divergent boundaries occur. What country sits directly on top of this ridge? What are the red triangles that are shown on the map of this country?

Mid-Atlantic Ridge divergent moving rate of spreading is a averages about 2.5 centimeters per year or 25 km in a million years. The southern tip of Africa sit directly on top of this ridge. Red triangles show inactive underwater volcano.

4. What does the word convergent mean in regard to plate movement?

Plates moving toward each other and have a collision and where on plate the
denser plate goes up and less denser plate go toward the mantle.

5. Find the diagrams shown on the website for each of the following kinds of plate boundaries. Label and post the three diagrams on your blog.

Oceanic-continental convergence


Oceanic-oceanic convergence

Continental-continental convergence

6. When one plate gets pushed below another plate it is called subduction. What geologic features form on Earth’s surface directly above the subduction zone in the case of:

a. oceanic-continental convergence?
A number of long narrow, curving trenches form and are thousands of kilometers long. These trenches are 8 to 10 km deep cutting into the ocean floor.

b. oceanic-oceanic convergence?
When two oceanic plates converge, one plate is usually subducted under the other plate, and in the process which trenches formed. This can also result in the formation of underwater volcanoes.

c. continental-continental convergence?
When two continental plate converge they make a mountain ridge like the Himalayas when the Indian and Eurasian plates had a collision.


7. What is a transform boundary? What geological disturbance is caused along transform boundaries? Where in North America is there an example of this type of plate boundary?

A transform boundary is the zone between two plates sliding horizontally past one another. The geological disturbence caused be the transform boundaries is that Canadian geophysicist J. Tuzo Wilson, concept that transform faults were that large faults or fracture zones connect two spreading centers. The San Andreas fault zone in California is an example of these plates in North America.

8. Using the Internet and a focused search, identify the type of plate interaction that caused the following features:

a. Mid-Atlantic Ridge

divergent plate boundary plates/ Oceanic-Oceanic Plates

b. Kuril Trench

Convergent boundaries plates/ Oceanic-Oceanic Plates

c. Phillipine Islands

Convergent boundaries plates/ Oceanic-Oceanic Plates

d. East African Rift Valley

Divergent boundaries plates/Continental-Continental Plates

e. Red Sea

Divergent boundaries plates/Continental-Continental Plates

f. Peru-Chile Trench

Convergent boundaries plates/Oceanic-Oceanic Plates

g. Aleutian Islands

Convergent boundary plates/ Oceanic-Oceanic Plates

Qustions on Small Sheet

1. What had to happen for complex multi-cellular life to take hold was that the Earth atmosphere had to have oxygen. Oxygen come to the Earth because of small photosynthetic plant. The plants breathed in the Co2 in the air and exhaled out oxygen. Oxygen would be able to new life the ability to breath in clean air and stay alive and would develop up new life forms.

2. The Archaean Eon was the significant in terms of development of the Earth because this was the eon when the Earth was born. This was the beginning of everything that was going to happen to the Earth. That's why it is the most significant eon in terms of the Earth development.

3. This significant of the humans presence on the Earth is pretty big because humans have change the Earth in many ways. Humans have poluted the Earth with oil and gas which are change into CO2 when humans drive cars. Humans have has made nuclear bomb that make area on the Earth unhatabitl for humans, animals, and plants. Humans have also helped the Earth by plating trees, recycling, and making thing that helps the enviroment like wind turbines.

This fossil is a replace remain fossil because it does not show it whole body and head preserved in anything. So scientist would make a mold of what they think the fossil would look like if still alive or in it;s original condition.

This is a fossil is a Original Remain fossil because it has a spider, who has been preserved in amber at the time it died or in-cased in amber .